Radiant energy guide channel



March 29, 1938. w. MOSER 2,112,301

RADIANT ENERGY GUIDE CHANNEL Filed Feb. l, 1935 5 s J s CONT/POL C'O/i/TL STAT/0M Y Cw INVENTOR.

WILHELM MOSER ATTORNEY.

Patented Mar. 29, 1938 i UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE RADIANT ENERGY GUIDECHANNEL ration of Germany Application-February 1, 1935, Serial No. 4,466 In Germany January 31, 1934 8 Claims.

This invention relates to an arrangement'for radiation guide channels. This invention will best be understood by referringv to the accompanying drawing, inwhich: Fig. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a system of radiation guide channels; Fig. 2 is a cardioid diagram of radiation guide channels; Fig. 3 is a preferred circuit diagram of radiation guide channels of this invention; andFig. 4 is another preferred circuit i diagram of radiationguide channels of this in- Vention. Figure 1 shows a known arrangement for the production of radiation guide channels, i. e., more or less narrow space zones destined to guide crafts in' particular sea vessels and airi crafts, and which are rendered recognizable in radio apparatus, for instance, in that 'within the said zones the receiving intensities of two radiations having differently directed axes are the same, or that these intensities have a definite l constant relationship. The antenna A formed as vertical double dipole is fed, for instance, in the center thereof across energy lines B by a highfrequency generator C. The reiiector antennae D and E constituted as in the case of the antenna 5 A by vertical double dipoles of suitable length, have a place for separation in the center thereof whereby in the state of interruption of the said place by means of remotely controlled switches F and G the said reflector antenna can be made l inoperative. Switches F and G are provided with a magnet M comprising two coils joined together at the center. A common armature N, shown by the dash lines, passes through the center of both coils of magnet M and is linked to the 5 blades of switches F and G. Magnet M is electrically connected to a remote control station S having the well-known means for energizing the coil on the left to close switch G and then energizing the coil on the right to close switch F D in alternate sequence. By means of such an arrangement, two directional diagrams alternating in time intervals, for instance, the two cardioids shown in Figure 2 can be obtained. Each of these cardioids can be produced by means of the 5 central antenna A in combination with one of the respectively operating reector antennae E or D.

lNow it has been found that with such an arrangement the expected well defined shape of the characteristic of the directive radiation can be very rarely obtained. This can be explained by the fact that a complete inoperativeness of the respective reflector by opening its switch is not possibly attainable, since the radiation coupled wires, although detuned, radiate progress- (Cl. Z50-11) ing, as well as standing waves, hence they continue to radiate perpendicular to the direction ofthe wire thereof, i. e., they distort in an undesirable and concealed manner the radiation diagram, in particular, also the horizontal radia- 5 tion diagram of the antennae. The theoretical ideal would be to completely lremove out of space the reflectorl antenna to be rendered inoperative. Since, however, thel shutting off of the reflector antennae is desired in the rhythm of the keying of the signals, theV theoretical ideal cannot be fulfilled.

In accordance with the invention, the theoretical ideal can be approached if, instead of simply interrupting or short-circuiting the antenna parts to be rendered inoperative, they are switched to resistances which are equal to the wave resistance of the said antenna parts. It is well known that an electrical wave passing across a wire will be reflected at the open or short-circuited end of the said wire. If, however, the end of the wire is connected to a resistor equal tov the wave resistance of the wire, reflection does not occur. O'nly progressing waves pass across the wire and which do not radiate perpendicularly but under a more or less steep angle to the direction of the wire. Hereby is the energy of the radiation produced by the progressing waves small in comparison with the radiation of standing waves.

Figure 3 shows, by way of example, an embodiment in accordance with the invention for the case in which each reector consists' of two M2 dipoles arranged abo-ve each other, which, for the purpose of carrying out the inoperativeness, are connected to each other. The reflectors D and E are co'nnected to the switches F and G with their inner free ends and across the resistors H1, H2, H3, H4. The resistors are so dimensioned as to obtain the equation wherein Z is the resistance of each dipole.

Figure 4 shows, by way of example, a corresponding construction for the case in which each reflector consists of a single dipole only and which will be interrupted when placed out of operation. The resistors to be inserted, namely, H5 and Hs are here suitably placed in parallel to the switches G and F and the size thereof is to be chosen equal to Z/2.

I claim:

1. A radio directional system having, in combination, an antenna, a high frequency generator for feeding energy to said antenna, a reflecting antenna parallel to said antenna, and means for switchingr in and out of circuit a resistance unit which is connected to said reflector antenna, said resistance being equal to the wave resistance of the antenna.

2. A radio Ydirectional channel system having, in combination, an antenna, a high frequency generator for feeding energy to said antenna, a pair of reflecting antennae arranged parallel to said antenna, each reilecting antenna having an individual resistance unit connected therewith, and means for switching in and out of circuit the individual resistance unit which is connected to each reflecting antenna, each resistance unit being equal to the wave resistance of the antenna.

3. A radio directional system having, in combination, a plurality of antennae parallel arranged, at least one of said antennae being connected to a high frequency generator for feeding energy thereto, and means for switching in and out of circuit a resistance which is connected to the other o-f said antennae not connected to said high frequency generator, said resistance being equal to the wave resistance of the antenna.

4. A radio directional system having in combination three antennae at least one of which is connected to a high frequency generator, the other two antennae acting as reectors, and means for switching in and out of circuit a resistance unit which is individually connected to each reflector, each resistance unit having a resistance value substantially equal to the wave resistance of the reflector to which it is connected.

5. A radio directional system having in combination, three antennae, said antennae being in the form of vertical dipoles parallel arranged to each other, at least one of said dipoles located in the center of the other two and connected to a high frequency generator for feeding energy to said one dipole, the other two dipoles having means for switching in and out of circuit a resistance, said resistance being equal to the wave resistance of said antenna.

6. A radio directional channel system having in combination, an antenna, a high frequency generator for feeding energy to said antenna, two half-wave dipole reflectors havin'g inner free ends, said dipole reflectors arranged parallel to said antenna, means including a switch for a1 ternately switching in and out of circuit a resistance which is in series with each of said inner free ends o-f the half-wave dipoles and said switch, said resistance being equal to the wave resistance of said antenna.

'7. A radio directional channel system having in combination, an antenna, a high frequency generator for feeding energy to said antenna, two single dipole reflectors having inner free ends, said dipole reflectors arranged parallel to said antenna, a switch connected in series with each inner free end of said single-dipole for alternately switching in and out of circuit a resistance which is connected in parallel with said switch, the value of said resistance being equal to onehalf the resistance of said single dipole.

8. A radio directional system having in combination, an antenna, a high frequency generator for feeding energy to said antenna, a reflecting antenna having inner free ends arranged parallel to said antenna, and means for alternately switching in and out of circuit said reecting antenna, said means comprising a switch and a resistance having a value equal to 4the wave resistance of said reflecting antenna, said switch and resistance connected with the inner free ends of the reflector.

WILHELM MOSER. 

